Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)

Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)

Pulmonary Sequestration

Empyema (pus in the pleural space)

Lung cysts or congenital lung malformations

Chest wall deformities

Foreign body aspiration

Mediastinal masses

Thoracotomy: Open chest surgery to access the lungs or other thoracic organs.

Thoracoscopy (VATS): Minimally invasive surgery using a camera and small instruments.

Drainage procedures for empyema or pleural effusion.

Resection of cysts, tumors, or abnormal lung tissues.

Surgical correction of congenital chest wall deformities.

Congenital anomalies present at birth.

Severe respiratory infections like pneumonia leading to empyema.

Inhalation of foreign objects.

Accidents or trauma to the chest.

Genetic or developmental disorders.

Persistent cough or difficulty breathing.

Chest pain or tightness.

Recurrent lung infections.

Bluish skin or lips (cyanosis).

Noisy breathing or wheezing.

Swelling or abnormal shape of the chest.

Regular prenatal check-ups to detect congenital anomalies early.

Timely vaccination and hygiene to prevent infections.

Preventing small objects access to toddlers to avoid aspiration.

Seeking prompt medical attention for respiratory symptoms.

Nutritional support and avoiding exposure to pollutants/smoke.