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Antenatal Counselling

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Antenatal Counselling

Antenatal counselling is a specialized medical consultation provided to expectant parents when a fetal abnormality or potential health concern is identified during pregnancy. The goal is to guide and support parents in understanding the condition, preparing for any necessary interventions, and planning postnatal care. It is an essential part of perinatal and pediatric surgical practice, especially when congenital anomalies are suspected.

Causes for Antenatal Counselling

Antenatal counselling may be recommended when:

  • Congenital anomalies are detected on prenatal ultrasound (e.g., diaphragmatic hernia, tracheoesophageal fistula, hydrocephalus)

  • Abnormal genetic screening results (e.g., Down syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities)

  • Family history of inherited conditions or birth defects

  • Maternal health issues that could affect fetal development (e.g., infections, diabetes)

  • Multiple pregnancy complications (twins/triplets with growth discordance or shared placenta)


Symptoms or Signs That Lead to Referral

While symptoms in the fetus may not be physically visible, antenatal scans and tests may show:

  • Abnormal organ development

  • Fluid accumulation (hydrops)

  • Absent or underdeveloped body parts

  • Enlarged or non-functioning organs

  • Markers suggesting chromosomal syndromes


Treatment & Planning Options

Antenatal counselling helps plan:

  • Further diagnostic tests (e.g., MRI, amniocentesis)

  • Delivery strategy – timing, hospital level, NICU support

  • Surgical interventions after birth – if necessary

  • Parental psychological support to reduce stress and anxiety

  • Multidisciplinary coordination between obstetricians, neonatologists, and pediatric surgeons


Prevention & Early Action

While not all conditions can be prevented, early counselling helps in:

  • Timely diagnosis and intervention planning

  • Reducing complications at birth

  • Educating parents about care options, surgery timelines, and outcomes

  • Improving neonatal survival and quality of life

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