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Paediatric Colorectal Surgery

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Paediatric Colorectal Surgery

Paediatric Colorectal Surgery is a specialized branch of pediatric surgery focused on diagnosing and treating conditions affecting a child’s colon, rectum, and anus. These may be congenital (present from birth) or acquired conditions that interfere with normal bowel function, requiring surgical correction for a healthier life.

Common Conditions Treated

  • Hirschsprung’s Disease – absence of nerve cells in parts of the intestine causing blockage

  • Imperforate Anus – absence of a normal anal opening at birth

  • Anorectal Malformations – structural abnormalities of the rectum and anus

  • Rectal Prolapse – rectum protrudes from the anus

  • Fecal Incontinence – inability to control bowel movements

  • Chronic Constipation – severe constipation due to underlying anatomical issues


Causes

  • Congenital birth defects (e.g., Hirschsprung’s disease, imperforate anus)

  • Nerve or muscle dysfunction in the bowel

  • Infections or inflammation (rare)

  • Family history of congenital anorectal malformations


Symptoms to Watch For

  • Delayed passage of stool in newborns

  • Abdominal bloating or vomiting

  • Constipation not relieved by diet

  • Anal opening in the wrong location or absent

  • Blood in stool or straining during bowel movements

  • Poor weight gain or growth


Treatments

Treatment often involves one or more of the following:

  • Surgical Correction – creation of a normal anal opening, removal of non-functional bowel segments, or reconstruction of anorectal anatomy

  • Colostomy (temporary) – in some cases to divert stool before definitive surgery

  • Bowel Management Programs – for children with incontinence or constipation

  • Long-term Follow-up – for functional assessment and continence management


Prevention

While congenital colorectal conditions cannot be prevented, early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment significantly improve long-term outcomes. Prenatal counseling and neonatal screening can help in early detection. Educating parents on warning signs and promoting regular pediatric checkups also plays a vital role in early intervention.

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